Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale Homework Assignment Help

Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale Homework Assignment Help

 
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Minerals – Hardness of Unknown Minerals Note: you must do the “Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale” lab before doing this lab since some of your results from that lab are needed to complete this one! For this lab, you will test the hardness of unknown minerals by interacting with a website developed by a geology professor, David J. Leveson, with photographs by Guillermo Rocha, both from Brooklyn College. This site discusses mineral properties and testing procedures and also provides an opportunity for you to practice testing minerals. Make sure to read all of the information provided on each specified webpage as you attempt to answer the questions. I recommend that you print this lab to keep track of your answers, and then use those to input your answers into our online class site so that you can then get credit for the laboratory exercise. Determine the Hardness of Unknown Minerals Using your knowledge of Mohs Hardness Scale, you will now determine a numerical value for the hardness of assigned unknown minerals (specimen #s 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 and 22). The hardness of any mineral can be determined by figuring out which two minerals the unknown mineral lies between on Mohs Hardness Scale. For example, imagine that an unknown mineral is scratched by quartz, but is not scratched by orthoclase. Instead, the unknown mineral scratches the orthoclase. Since quartz has a hardness of 7, and orthoclase has a hardness of 6, our unknown mineral would have a hardness of 6.5. It is also possible for a mineral to have a hardness exactly that of the hardness of one of the Mohs Minerals. In that case, they will not scratch each other, and the hardness of the unknown will be a whole number equal to that of the hardness of the Mohs mineral. Knowing the hardness of an unknown mineral is often useful in identifying it. For example, apatite and beryl are often very similar in appearance. However, they have very different hardness. Apatite has a hardness of 5, while beryl has a hardness of 7.5 to 8. Therefore, a simple hardness test can help distinguish them. Directions Step 1: On the data table below, enter the specimen number for each of the minerals of Mohs Hardness Scale, which you determined in the “Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale” lab. Step 2: Go to this website: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/graphics/hardsim/hard_sim6x.ht ml Step 3: Select one of the unknown minerals from “List #1” (on the website). You will see it show up under the yellow box in picture form. Step 4: Select a mineral from Mohs Hardness Scale from “List #2” (on the website). You will see it show up under the Yellow box in picture form. Remember that from the “Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale” lab, the minerals of Mohs Hardness Scale have an asterisk (*) next to them. You also determined the names for each of those asterisked minerals in that lab. Step 5: Push the “Scratch” button under the pictures. Does the Mohs Hardness Scale Mineral scratch the unknown mineral? If it does, enter “yes” on the data table.” If it doesn’t, enter a “no” on the data table. However, if neither mineral gets scratched in the process, they are the same hardness, so write “equal” on the data table. Step 6: Repeat this process with the same mineral from “List 1” but this time, select a different Mohs Hardness Scale mineral from “List #2.” Record the results of the hardness test (a yes, no, or equal) in the data table. Step 7: Determine between which two Mohs Hardness Scale minerals the hardness of the unknown specimen falls, or if it is equal in hardness to one of the Mohs Minerals. Remember, if neither the unknown mineral or the Mohs mineral gets scratched during the test, then they have the same hardness. Otherwise, it falls between two hardness values, and the difference can be split. For example, specimen #16 is scratched by #6* (calcite, which has a hardness of 3) and all harder minerals of Mohs Hardness Scale. However, it is not scratched by (and instead scratches) #12* (gypsum, which has a hardness of 2) and all softer Mohs minerals. Therefore, the hardness of specimen #16 is between a hardness of 2 and 3, resulting in a hardness of 2.5. Step 8: Repeat the above steps for each of the unknown minerals. Step 9: Answer the questions below about the hardness of these minerals. Reminder: On the heading of each column, enter the specimen number for each of the minerals of Mohs Hardness Scale, which you determined in the “Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale” lab. Gypsum and calcite have been done for you. Specimen # 1-Talc (#____) 2-Gypsum (# 12*) 3-Calcite (# 6* ) 4-Fluorite (#______) 5-Apatite (#_____) 6-Orthoclase (#_______) 7-Quartz (#_____) 8-Topaz (#____) 9-Corundum (#_______) 10-Diamond (#_______) no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 1 2 4 5 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 Analyzing the data in the table above, answer the following questions. 1. What is the hardness of specimen #1? A. 4 B. 6 C. 7.5 D. 2.5 2. What is the hardness of specimen #2? A. 3.5 B. 4 C. 7 D. 5.5 3. What is the hardness of specimen #4? A. 7.5 B. 9 C. 4.5 D. 2 4. What is the hardness of specimen #5? A. 5.5 B. 3 C. 2.5 D. 7 5. What is the hardness of specimen #10? A. 4.5 B. 2.5 C. 8 D. 1 6. What is the hardness of specimen #11? A. 4.5 B. 3 C. 6.5 D. 7 7. What is the hardness of specimen #13? A. 2.5 B. 1 C. 5 D. 6.5 8. What is the hardness of specimen #14? A. 3.5 B. 9 C. 6 D. 2.5 9. What is the hardness of specimen #15? A. 7.5 B. 4 C. 3.5 D. 6 10. What is the hardness of specimen #16? A. 2.5 B. 3 C. 6.5 D. 8 11. What is the hardness of specimen #17? A. 6.5 B. 4.5 C. 2 D. 3 12. What is the hardness of specimen #19? A. 1.5 B. 6.5 C. 4 D. 8 13. What is the hardness of specimen #20? A. 4.5 B. 6 C. 5.5 D. 9 14. What is the hardness of specimen #22? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6.5 D. 8.5 Minerals – Introduction and Mohs Hardness Scale For this lab, you will learn general information about minerals as well as Mohs Hardness Scale by interacting with a website developed by a geology professor, David J. Leveson, with photographs by Guillermo Rocha, both from Brooklyn College. Make sure to read all of the information provided on each specified webpage as you attempt to answer the questions. I recommend that you print this lab to keep track of your answers, and then use those to input your answers into our online class site so that you can then get credit for the laboratory exercise. Note: save your results from this lab, as you will need them again for completing the “Hardness of Unknown Minerals” lab. Part 1: Mineral vs. Rock Go to this website and read the discussion between Lulu and Lou as they discuss minerals and rocks: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/mineral_def.html Answer the following questions. 1. Which of the following is not true for minerals? A. They must be naturally formed B. They must be inorganic (not living) C. They can be a liquid, solid, or gas D. They are crystalline (have an orderly internal arrangement of the atoms) E. They have a definite chemical composition (the proportion of the different atoms are fixed) 2. Which of the following are examples of things that nature can put together to make a rock? A. minerals B. shells C. bones D. volcanic glass E. smaller rocks F. All of the listed answers Part 2: Introduction to Hardness Go to this website and read the discussion between Lulu and Lou as they discuss mineral hardness: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/hardness_def.html You do not need to input an answer in the box on this site. Just read the information and answer the questions below. 3. If a mineral can be scratched with a fingernail, how does Lulu describe its hardness? A. hard B. intermediate C. soft 4. If a mineral cannot be scratched by a fingernail, but can be scratched by steel, how does Lulu describe its hardness? A. hard B. intermediate C. soft 5. If a mineral cannot be scratched by steel, how does Lulu describe its hardness? A. hard B. intermediate C. soft Go to this website: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/graphics/hardsim/hard_sim6x.ht ml Here you will virtually test minerals for their hardness to determine if they are soft, intermediate, or hard by trying to scratch them with a fingernail and with steel. Directions: Step 1: Select one item from “List #1” (on the website). You will see it show up under the yellow box in picture form. Step 2: Select the fingernail from “List #2” (on the website). You will see it show up under the Yellow box in picture form. Step 3: Push the “Scratch” button under the pictures. You will see that the softer material has a scratch on it. Step 4: Repeat this process with the same item from “List 1” but this time, select the steel as your testing tool from “List #2.” Step 5: Due to your results from these two tests, and your knowledge from Part 2 of this lab (the discussion of hardness between Lulu and Lou), determine if the mineral’s hardness is hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S). Step 6: Determine the harness of all of the minerals on the site that have an asterisk (*) next to their name. In other words, you are testing specimen numbers: 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 18, 21, 23, and 24. Repeat direction steps 1-5 with each of these samples, virtually testing them against a fingernail and steel to determine if they are hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S). Step 7: Answer the questions below about the general hardness of these minerals. 6. Is specimen #3 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 7. Is specimen #6 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 8. Is specimen #7 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 9. Is specimen #8 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 10. Is specimen #9 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 11. Is specimen #12 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 12. Is specimen #18 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 13. Is specimen #21 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 14. Is specimen #23 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) 15. Is specimen #24 hard (H), intermediate (I), or soft (S)? A. hard (H) B. intermediate (I) C. soft (S) Part 3: Mohs Hardness Scale Mohs Hardness Scale helps to determine the hardness of minerals more accurately than simply stating if a mineral is soft, intermediate, or hard. Knowing a mineral’s hardness more accurately is much more useful when trying to identify unknown minerals. Mohs Hardness Scale runs from 1 to 10, with 1 for the softest mineral, and 10 for the hardest mineral. In this lab exercise, you will determine the relative harnesses of the 10 minerals of Mohs Hardness Scale. Mohs Hardness Scale 1 = talc (softest – will be scratched by all minerals) 2 = gypsum 3 = calcite 4 = fluorite 5 = apatite 6 = orthoclase 7 = quartz 8 = topaz 9 = corundum 10 = diamond (hardest – will scratch all minerals) Directions: Go to this website: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/graphics/hardsim/hard_sim6x.ht ml Step 1: Obtain 10 index cards (or ten small pieces of paper). On the first card, write “Specimen #3.” On the second card, write “Specimen #6.” On the third card, write “Specimen #7). Continue this process for specimens 8, 9, 12, 18, 21, 23, and 24. Step 2: Lay the cards out in a row, left to right, so that each one is visible. At this point, they can be in any order (your job will be to determine the order they should be in, according to their hardness). Now you are set up and ready to begin! Step 3: Test each of these specimen against each other to determine their relative hardness using the scratch test. As you decide which is harder than which, keep rearranging the pieces of paper so that the softest mineral is on the left and the hardest is on the right. Step 4: When you have tested all of the minerals against each other, you should have the specimen cards in order from softest to hardest. Using the list of the minerals of Mohs Hardness scale (found above), write the names of each specimen on their appropriate card. As examples, the specimen card that is all the way on the left would have a hardness of 1 and would be labeled as talc. The specimen card just to the right of talc would have a hardness of 2 and would be labeled as gypsum. Continue this process until each of the cards has the appropriate mineral name on it. Congratulations! You have made a Mohs Hardness Scale! Step 5: Answer the following questions. 16. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #3? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 17. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #6? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 18. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #7? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 19. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #8? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 20. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #9? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 21. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #12? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 22. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #18? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 23. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #21? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 24. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #23? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 25. What number on Mohs Hardness Scale is sample #24? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 G. 7 H. 8 I. 9 J. 10 ...
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