Immigration Decision Discussion

Immigration Decision Discussion

 
Because learning changes everything.® Introduction to Geography Mark Bjelland, David Kaplan, Jon Malinowski, Arthur Getis Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. Because learning changes everything.® Human Interaction Chapter 7 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. Overview • Definition of Human Interaction. • Distance and Human Interaction. • Barriers to Interaction. • Human Interaction and Innovation. • Individual Activity Space. • Diffusion and Innovation. • Human Interaction and Technology. • Migration. • Globalization, Integration, and Interaction. © McGraw Hill 3 Definition of Human Interaction Communication and interdependencies between people. Mappable interaction can be called spatial interaction. Interdependence between geographic areas. Movement between different places. • People. • Goods. • Information. • Communicable diseases. Amount of interaction is a function of the size of populations and the distance between them. © McGraw Hill 4 Distance and Human Interaction Greater human interaction over short distances than long distances. Distance decay. • Decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from the point of origin. • Frequency of trips tends to decrease rapidly beyond a critical distance. Friction of distance. Time-distance. Psychological distance. © McGraw Hill 5 Barriers to Interaction 1 • Barriers = conditions that hinder either the flow of information or the movement of people and thus retard or prevent the acceptance of an innovation. • Distance. • Cost. Access the text alternative for slide images. © McGraw Hill 6 Migration of the Victims of Hurricane Katrina Access the text alternative for slide images. © McGraw Hill 7 Barriers to Interaction 2 Physical environment. • Mountains, deserts, oceans, rivers. Cultural barriers. • Religion, language, ideology, gender, political system. Psychological barriers. • Used in crowded areas. • Provide sense of privacy. © McGraw Hill 8 Human Interaction and Innovation Probability that new ideas will be generated out of old ideas is a function of the number of available old ideas in contact with one another. New inventions and new social movements usually arise in circumstances of high spatial interaction. • Past - Culture hearths. • Today - Metropolitan centers. • Recent revolution in communications – traditional importance of cities may decline in the future. © McGraw Hill 9 Individual Activity Space 1 Territoriality Activity space = area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity Journey to work • Important in defining activity space for adults. • Use of automobile - critical distances of work trips have increased. © McGraw Hill 10 Individual Activity Space 2 • Extent of activity space influenced by. Stage in life (membership in specific age group). Means of mobility available. Availability of activities or opportunities. • Mental Maps. The way people perceive places. Only important elements retained. Mental routes include reference points. © McGraw Hill 11 Mental Maps at Different Ages © McGraw Hill 12 Diffusion and Innovation 1 Spatial diffusion – process by which a concept, practice or substance spreads from its point of origin to new territories. • Concept. • Practice. • Substance. Diffusion is at the heart of the geography of spatial interaction. © McGraw Hill 13 Diffusion and Innovation 2 Processes for the diffusion of innovations. Contagious diffusion. • Spread from one area to others through contact and/or exchange of information. • Diffusion of innovations over time. • Influence of mass media and advertising. Hierarchical diffusion. • Spread up or down a hierarchy of places. • May take place simultaneously with contagious diffusion. © McGraw Hill 14 Medical Geography Studies the spatial patterns of health conditions, including: • Diffusion of diseases. • Access to health care. Diseases can be thought of in terms of: • Agents. • Hosts. • Environment. © McGraw Hill 15 Triangle of Disease Ecology © McGraw Hill 16 Contagious Diffusion Access the text alternative for slide images. © McGraw Hill 17 Diffusion of the European Influenza Pandemic of 1781 Based on Gerald F. Pyle and K. David Patterson, Ecology of Disease 2, no.3 (1984):